Each component is expressed as a decimal (0.00–1.00) or percentage. A machine with 90% Availability, 95% Performance, and 98% Quality has an OEE of: 0.90 × 0.95 × 0.98 = 83.8%.
Availability measures time losses — unplanned downtime, planned maintenance, changeovers, and machine faults. A machine with 100% availability ran for its entire scheduled production time without stopping.
Performance measures speed losses — micro-stops, reduced speed operation, and cycle time deviations. A machine at 100% Performance ran at its designed ideal cycle time for every cycle it completed.
Quality measures defect losses — scrap parts, rework required, and startup rejects. A machine at 100% Quality produced only conforming parts on the first pass.
| OEE Score | Classification | Typical Context |
|---|---|---|
| Below 65% | ⚠️ Poor | Significant improvement opportunity. Common in plants without real-time monitoring. |
| 65–75% | 📊 Average | Typical for plants using manual reporting. |
| 75–85% | ✅ Good | Well-managed production lines with active improvement programs. |
| 85%+ | 🏆 World-class | Lean manufacturing benchmark (ISO 22400). Achieved with real-time monitoring and proactive maintenance. |
The Six Big Losses framework, originating from Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), maps every OEE loss to one of six categories:
Measure OEE in Real Time → Shopfloor Copilot calculates OEE automatically from OPC UA machine data — no manual entry.
See OEE Monitoring →OEE stands for Overall Equipment Effectiveness — a composite KPI measuring how effectively a manufacturing asset is used relative to its full potential. OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality. 100% OEE means the machine ran all planned time at full speed with zero defects.
World-class OEE is 85% or above. Average for discrete manufacturing is 65–75%. Below 65% indicates significant improvement opportunity. Process industries typically run 85–95%, batch manufacturing 60–75%.
OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality. Availability = (Planned Production Time − Downtime) ÷ Planned Production Time. Performance = (Ideal Cycle Time × Total Pieces) ÷ Run Time. Quality = Good Pieces ÷ Total Pieces.
Related glossary entries: